Đặt hai cốc (A) và (B) có khối lượng bằng nhau lên hai đĩa cân thấy cân thăng bằng

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Với giải Bài 7.12* trang 30 SBT Hóa 11 Chân trời sáng tạo chi tiết trong Bài 7: Sulfuric acid và muối sulfate giúp học sinh dễ dàng xem và so sánh lời giải, từ đó biết cách làm bài tập Hoá học 11. Mời các bạn đón xem: 

Đặt hai cốc (A) và (B) có khối lượng bằng nhau lên hai đĩa cân thấy cân thăng bằng

Bài 7.12* trang 30 SBT Hóa học 11Đặt hai cốc (A) và (B) có khối lượng bằng nhau lên hai đĩa cân thấy cân thăng bằng. Cho 15,9 gam Na2CO3 vào cốc (A) và 17,73 gam CaCO3 vào cốc (B), sau đó thêm 18 gam dung dịch H2SO4 98% vào cốc (A) và m gam dung dịch HCl 14,6% vào cốc (B) thì thấy cân thăng bằng. Tính khối lượng dung dịch HCl đã cho vào cốc (B).

Lời giải:

table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell straight n subscript Na subscript 2 end subscript CO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript equals fraction numerator 15 comma 9 over denominator 106 end fraction equals 0 comma 15 left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell row cell straight m subscript straight H subscript 2 end subscript SO subscript 4 end subscript end subscript equals 18 cross times fraction numerator 98 straight percent sign over denominator 100 straight percent sign end fraction equals 17 comma 64 blank left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight n subscript straight H subscript 2 end subscript SO subscript 4 end subscript end subscript equals fraction numerator 17 comma 64 over denominator 98 end fraction equals 0 comma 18 blank left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell row cell straight n subscript CaCO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript equals fraction numerator 17 comma 73 over denominator 100 end fraction equals 0 comma 1773 left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell end table

- Xét cốc (A):

straight H subscript 2 end subscript straight S straight O subscript 4 end subscript plus straight N straight a subscript 2 end subscript straight C straight O subscript 3 end subscript not stretchy rightwards arrow straight N straight a subscript 2 end subscript straight S straight O subscript 4 end subscript plus straight C straight O subscript 2 end subscript not stretchy upwards arrow plus straight H subscript 2 end subscript straight O

Ta có:

fraction numerator straight n subscript straight H subscript 2 end subscript SO subscript 4 end subscript end subscript over denominator 1 end fraction greater than fraction numerator straight n subscript Na subscript 2 end subscript CO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript over denominator 1 end fraction blank left parenthesis fraction numerator 0 comma 18 over denominator 1 end fraction greater than fraction numerator 0 comma 15 over denominator 1 end fraction right parenthesis

=> H2SO4 dư, Na2CO3 hết. CO2 tính theo Na2CO3.

not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight n subscript CO subscript 2 end subscript end subscript equals straight n subscript Na subscript 2 end subscript CO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript equals 0 comma 15 left parenthesis mol right parenthesis

straight m subscript left parenthesis straight A right parenthesis end subscript equals straight m subscript Na subscript 2 end subscript CO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript plus straight m subscript ddH subscript 2 end subscript SO subscript 4 end subscript end subscript minus straight m subscript CO subscript 2 end subscript end subscript
equals 15 comma 9 plus 18 minus 0 comma 15 cross times 44 equals 27 comma 3 blank left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis

- Xét cốc (B):

2 HCl plus CaC straight O subscript 3 end subscript not stretchy rightwards arrow CaC straight l subscript 2 end subscript plus straight C straight O subscript 2 end subscript not stretchy upwards arrow plus straight H subscript 2 end subscript straight O

Ta có:

straight m subscript left parenthesis straight B right parenthesis end subscript equals straight m subscript left parenthesis straight A right parenthesis end subscript equals 27 comma 3 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis

+) Trường hợp (1): CaCO3 hết, HCl dư.

table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight n subscript HCl end subscript greater or equal than 2 straight n subscript CaCO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript equals 2 cross times 0 comma 1773 equals 0 comma 3546 blank left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight m subscript ddHCl end subscript greater or equal than 0 comma 3546 cross times 36 comma 5 cross times fraction numerator 100 straight percent sign over denominator 14 comma 6 straight percent sign end fraction equals 88 comma 65 blank left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight n subscript CO subscript 2 end subscript equals straight n subscript CaCO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript equals 0 comma 1773 blank left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell end table

table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight m subscript straight B end subscript equals straight m subscript ddHCl end subscript plus straight m subscript CaCO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript minus straight m subscript CO subscript 2 end subscript end subscript end cell row cell not stretchy left right double arrow straight m subscript straight B end subscript blank greater or equal than 88 comma 65 plus 17 comma 73 minus 0 comma 45 cross times 44 end cell row cell equals 98 comma 5788 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis not equal to 27 comma 3 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis end cell end table

→ loại trường hợp CaCO3 hết, HCl dư.

+) Trường hợp (2): CaCO3 dư, HCl hết.

Đặt straight n subscript HCl end subscript equals x left parenthesis mol right parenthesis

table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight m subscript ddHCl end subscript equals 36 comma 5 x cross times fraction numerator 100 straight percent sign over denominator 14 comma 6 straight percent sign end fraction equals 250 x blank left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight n subscript CO subscript 2 end subscript end subscript equals fraction numerator 1 over denominator 2 end fraction straight n subscript HCl end subscript equals fraction numerator 1 over denominator 2 end fraction x left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell end table

table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight m subscript straight B end subscript equals straight m subscript ddHCl end subscript plus straight m subscript CaCO subscript 3 end subscript end subscript minus straight m subscript CO subscript 2 end subscript end subscript end cell row cell not stretchy left right double arrow 27 comma 3 equals 250 x plus 17 comma 73 minus 44 cross times 1 half x end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow x almost equal to 0 comma 042 blank left parenthesis mol right parenthesis end cell row cell not stretchy rightwards double arrow straight m subscript ddHCl end subscript equals straight m equals 250 cross times 0 comma 042 equals 10 comma 5 blank left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis end cell end table

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